Oddly Partitioned Harddrive

so i'm trying to install a game, and it said I had no space on the drive.:fp:

now obviosly this is partitioned oddly since my hard drive is about half a TB (or i thought it was.)

i looked in the hardware info and this is what i found. it was seperated into 5 parts

all are named Product:FUJITSU MHX2250BT
the hard drive itself:
Vendor:Unkown (what is this?)
Bus:SATA(also what is this?)
Hotpluggable:No(and this?)
Removable:No

part 1:
Vendor: Unknown
File System Type:swap
Label:Not Set(how does this work?)
Volume Usage:Unkown (isn't this supposed to be known by the pc since it's the hard drives virsion of the RAM?:confused:)
UUID:31d99276-3d59-4fe5-9a4f-be4ad98b444f(What Does UUID stand for?)

part 2:
Vendor:Unkown
File System Type:LVM2_member (what is this?)
Label:Not Set
Volume Usage:Raid(what does that mean?)
UUID:6m3iol-l23q-iuxg-lqsd-4vup-f5io-qvfb1f

part 3:
Vendor:Unkown
File System Type:Unkown
Label:Not Set
Volume Usage:Unused(:blink::dis:WHAT? So as i see some of my hard drive is just left 'rotting'?)
UUID:Unkown

part 4:
Vendor:Unkown
File System Type:ext4(if I can obseve this is the user part of the hard drive)
Label:Not Set
Volume Usage:File System(CALLED IT:dance:)
UUID:8ad0ca14-036d-40e1-bf0e-3c6081591497
Mounted At:/boot
Volume Space:476.2 MiB(TOTAL, now i know somthing is up...)

Vendor:Unkown
File System Type:Unkown
Label:Not Set
Volume Usage:Partition Table
UUID:Unkown

so sorry about the side comments, my mind works that way. so whats going on and how do i fix it and can i re-edit the partitions without ereasing the file system part of the hard drive? also it you can answer some of the side questions during the post that would be epic. I'm actualy going to get training at a computer repair place around augest/september so learning from this may help me down the road.:D

thanks for the help.